What is a formula? Is it different from a model? If so, how?
Formula: a statement expressing some fundamental truth or principle. The formula generally has a mathematical nature, however in such a case the only way it differs is how it represents data. Generally, though, the model shows the result of when a formula has bee put into practice.
What is the Lasswell formula? How does it relate to Jakobson's model?
Lasswell's formula asks questions that need to be answered in order to come to conclusions. Jakobson's model already gives the answer and asks for the question.
Some communications scholars have attacked it. Why did they do so?
Scholars have attacked the idea of a model because it is too generalized.
Define phatic" communication and give some examples of it.
Phatic communication is used to express emotions vs. specific information. Examples may be a sigh, a grunt, or even perhaps a scream.
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